Tadalafil (Cialis) is a medication primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED), which is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection adequate for satisfactory sexual performance. It is also effective for alleviating the symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is an enlargement of the prostate gland that can lead to difficulties with urination, including symptoms like hesitancy, dribbling, weak urine stream, and feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. Additionally, tadalafil is prescribed under the brand name Adcirca to improve exercise capacity in adults suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This condition is characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can cause symptoms such as breathlessness, dizziness, and fatigue. Tadalafil is categorized as a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor and functions by enhancing blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation, which leads to an erection. In the case of PAH, it works by relaxing blood vessels in the lungs, enhancing blood flow and reducing symptoms of the condition.
It is crucial to understand that while tadalafil can help manage the symptoms of ED, it does not offer a cure for the underlying condition nor does it have an impact on sexual desire. Furthermore, tadalafil does not act as a contraceptive nor does it prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
Tadalafil is available in the form of oral tablets, which can be taken with food or on an empty stomach.
For individuals using tadalafil for erectile dysfunction, it's important to adhere to the prescribed dosage and to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations regarding administration. Tadalafil can be prescribed for two different usage regimens: on-demand dosing or daily administration. On-demand doses are typically taken at least 30 minutes before planned sexual activity and not more than once every 24 hours. In contrast, daily dosing allows the medication to be taken at approximately the same time every day, providing flexibility for sexual activity without the need for timing. Your healthcare provider will assist you in determining which regimen is most suitable for your needs. Any changes in your health status or concurrent medications may require adjustments to your tadalafil regimen or dosage, so it is critical to follow the instructions provided on your medication label meticulously and to communicate any uncertainties with your healthcare professional.
When prescribed for other conditions like PAH or BPH, the recommended approach is usually to take tadalafil once a day. It is important to take all tablets meant for the daily dose at the same time without splitting them into separate doses. If you're taking other medications for BPH, your healthcare provider may direct you to discontinue those at least one day prior to starting tadalafil. Always follow your healthcare provider's precise directions and do not hesitate to reach out to them for clarification on any instructions you do not understand.
Your healthcare provider may begin treatment by prescribing a standard dose of tadalafil for erectile dysfunction, which can then be adjusted based on your individual response to the medication. If you find that tadalafil is not effective or experience any adverse effects, communicate this with your doctor immediately.
It is important to remember that while tadalafil is effective for managing PAH, it does not cure the condition. Hence, it is recommended to continue the medication as prescribed, even if you feel well, and never discontinue usage without consulting your healthcare provider first.
For further information regarding the medication, feel free to ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for the manufacturer's information for patients.
This medication may also be prescribed for other purposes; please consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for additional information.
Before Taking Tadalafil
- Inform your healthcare provider and pharmacist of any allergies to tadalafil or other medications, as well as any known allergies to the components of the tadalafil formulation. Request a list of components from your pharmacist if needed.
- Be sure to disclose if you are currently taking or have recently taken riociguat (Adempas), as there could be significant interactions with tadalafil.
- Discuss any preexisting medical conditions you may have, particularly those related to kidney or liver diseases, as this may affect how you should take tadalafil.
- If you have hereditary eye conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa, or pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), these conditions must also be disclosed, as they may influence the prescribing decision.
- Advise your doctor if you have experienced a heart attack within the last 90 days, ongoing chest pain during sexual activity, congestive heart failure, abnormal heart rates, or a stroke in the past six months.
- If you use recreational drugs known as "poppers," such as amyl nitrite or butyl nitrite, inform your healthcare provider, as taking them in conjunction with tadalafil can be dangerous.
- Do not concurrently use nitrates, such as dinitrate isosorbide or nitroglycerin, with tadalafil due to the potential for severe interactions that can lead to dangerous drops in blood pressure.
- Let your doctor know about all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins, to avoid interactions.
- Do not administer this medication to children, as it is not approved for pediatric use.
- For those prescribed tadalafil for erectile dysfunction specifically, ensure your healthcare provider is aware if you've been told you are not healthy enough for sexual activity.
- Lastly, women should know that tadalafil is not approved for use in females.
Keep in mind that this is not an exhaustive list of potential interactions or contraindications; it’s vital to maintain an open dialogue with your healthcare provider regarding all medications and conditions to ensure safety.
What Should I Know or Do While Taking Tadalafil?
Common Warnings for All Uses:
- Inform all your healthcare providers about taking tadalafil, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, to ensure your treatment is safe and well-coordinated.
- Exercise caution when driving or engaging in activities requiring full concentration until you understand how tadalafil affects you.
- To minimize dizziness or fainting, rise slowly from sitting or lying down positions, taking care when navigating stairs.
- Consult with your healthcare professional before consuming alcohol, as it could intensify certain side effects of tadalafil.
- If you frequently consume grapefruit or grapefruit juice, discuss this with your healthcare provider, as it may interact with tadalafil.
- Be aware of severe side effects, which, while rare, can include abnormal heart rhythms, heart attacks, strokes, and dangerously high blood pressure, necessitating immediate medical review.
- Take note of any vision changes, as sudden vision loss can indicate serious health issues that require immediate attention.
- Patients with bleeding disorders should seek guidance from their healthcare provider prior to taking this medication.
- Older adults (65 years and older) should use this medication with caution, as they may experience heightened sensitivity to its effects.
Specific for PAH:
- Women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding should discuss the potential risks and benefits of tadalafil with their healthcare provider.
Specific for Erectile Dysfunction:
- This medication does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. It is imperative to use barrier protection, such as latex or polyurethane condoms, during sexual activities.
When Should I Contact My Healthcare Provider Immediately?
WARNING/CAUTION: Although serious side effects are infrequent, some individuals may experience life-threatening conditions while using tadalafil. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice any of the following symptoms:
- Signs of an allergic reaction, including rash, hives, itching, swelling, or breathing difficulties.
- Severe skin reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, characterized by blistering, peeling, or severe redness of the skin.
- Symptoms of chest pain or irregular heartbeats.
- Dizziness or faintness.
- Severe headaches.
- Weakness on one side of the body or difficulty with speech or balance.
- Changes in hearing including ringing in the ears or noticeable hearing loss.
- If you experience a painful erection that lasts longer than four hours (priapism), which can potentially lead to permanent impairment if not treated promptly.
What Other Side Effects Could This Medication Have?
All medications can have side effects, but many people experience none or only minor undemanding side effects. If any of the following become bothersome or persist, seek advice from your healthcare provider:
For General Uses:
- Flushing or warmth in the face.
- Headaches.
- Back pain.
- Muscle aches.
- Nausea or upset stomach.
- Indigestion or stomach discomfort.
- Upper respiratory issues, such as nasal irritation or runny nose.
- Common cold symptoms.
Specific for PAH:
- Pain or discomfort in the limbs.
This list is not exhaustive; if you have concerns about side effects, reach out to your healthcare provider for guidance. Adverse effects can also be reported to your country’s health regulatory authorities for monitoring.
In the United States, side effects can be reported to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or through the website: https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
How Should I Take This Medication?
Adhere strictly to the instructions provided by your healthcare provider and ensure you read all accompanying informational materials. Follow the guidelines closely for optimal results.
For PAH:
- This medication can be taken with or without food.
- Take it at the same time every day for consistent therapeutic effect.
- Continue taking this medication as prescribed, even if you feel well.
Liquid Formulation (suspension):
- Shake well for at least 30 seconds prior to each use.
For Erectile Dysfunction or BPH:
- This medication can be taken with or without food.
- Avoid splitting or cutting the tablet.
Chewable Tablets:
- Chew completely before swallowing.
- Do not swallow whole.
- Water is not required for ingestion.
What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose?
For PAH or BPH:
- Take the missed dose as soon as you remember.
- If it’s almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
- Never take two doses at once or additional doses to make up for a missed one.
For Erectile Dysfunction:
- Since it’s often taken as needed, don’t exceed the recommended frequency advised by your healthcare provider.
- If taken daily, follow the same procedure as for PAH or BPH: take the missed dose when possible, but skip it if it’s close to the next dose.
- Do not take two doses at once.
How Should I Store or Dispose of This Medication?
- Store at room temperature in a dry place; avoid storage in bathrooms.
- Keep medication out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
- Properly dispose of any unused or expired medications—consult your pharmacist for the best disposal methods and inquire about medication take-back programs in your area.
General Information About the Medication
- Contact your healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen.
- Never share your medication with others and do not take medications prescribed to anyone else.
- Some medications come with additional patient information; if you have questions regarding your treatment, consult with your physician, nurse, or pharmacist.
- If you suspect an overdose, seek medical assistance immediately and be prepared to provide details on the ingested dosage and timing.
Consumer Information Usage Disclaimer
This general information is a concise summary of the details concerning the diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication usage. It is not exhaustive and should be utilized as an educational resource for evaluating potential medical concerns. It does not encompass all pertinent information about medical conditions, treatment regimens, side effects, or risks that may apply to specific patients. For complete understanding, patients are encouraged to discuss all health-related queries and treatment options with their healthcare providers, including information on associated risks and benefits related to their medications. UpToDate, Inc. and affiliates disclaim any responsibility or guarantees regarding the use of this information. Use of this information is governed by the terms established on the website: https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.
Last Reviewed
2024-11-14
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