In recent years, heightened awareness of female sexual health has culminated in significant advancements in treatment options, often dubbed as “Viagra for females.” Within the United States, the FDA has sanctioned two primary medications to alleviate female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD): Vyleesi (bremelanotide) and Addyi (flibanserin). These innovative treatments cater specifically to premenopausal women grappling with diminished libido.
This detailed article delves into the mechanisms of action of these medications, their potential side effects, and alternative therapeutic avenues for women facing challenges with low sexual desire.
Both Vyleesi and Addyi have received approval from the FDA to tackle the hurdles women encounter with FSIAD. However, it is crucial to underscore that these medications are exclusively intended for premenopausal individuals seeking improvement in sexual desire.
Addyi (flibanserin)
Addyi, being the first drug to gain FDA approval for FSIAD, is supplied in oral tablet form. It is recommended that patients take Addyi consistently every day, preferably before bedtime, regardless of their sexual activity plans for the day. Users may need to wait up to eight weeks to experience an enhancement in sexual desire, although some individuals may notice effects much sooner.
Vyleesi (bremelanotide)
Vyleesi, on the other hand, is administered via a subcutaneous injection in the thigh or abdomen at least 45 minutes prior to engaging in sexual activity. The effects of Vyleesi can last up to 24 hours; however, it is recommended that users do not exceed eight doses within any given month. The FDA acknowledges Vyleesi as a viable treatment alternative for premenopausal women suffering from FSIAD.
Comparison Table
| Medication | Form | Usage | Duration of Effect | Approved for Menopause |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addyi | Pill | Daily before bed | Around 11 hours | No |
| Vyleesi | Injection | As needed before sex | Up to 24 hours | No |
Unlike medications available for men, such as Viagra, there is no direct counterpart for women. Viagra, which includes sildenafil, lacks FDA approval for use in females. Understanding this discrepancy warrants an exploration of how Viagra operates within the male physiology.
In men, sexual arousal instigates the release of nitric oxide, which boosts levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This surge leads to the relaxation of smooth muscles and heightened blood circulation to the penis, culminating in an erection. The process concludes when phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) degrades cGMP.
Sildenafil, the active component in Viagra, works by inhibiting PDE-5, thus fostering prolonged blood flow and sustaining an erection over time. Although healthcare professionals may prescribe sildenafil off-label to women with FSIAD, the results and effectiveness may vary greatly from its application in men.
Research indicates that Addyi influences serotonin levels in the brain, potentially enhancing sexual desire. Contrastingly, Vyleesi modulates melanocortin receptors, which are pivotal in regulating pathways associated with sexual response.
The FDA has referenced two pivotal placebo-controlled studies demonstrating that Vyleesi yielded statistically significant enhancements in sexual desire and arousal among women using the medication.
In terms of duration, Addyi's effects generally last around 11 hours. However, this can be extended to 26 hours in individuals with liver conditions. The absorption of the drug may be influenced by food intake. Conversely, Vyleesi has a duration of approximately 2.7 hours, featuring an average clearance period of 6.5 hours.
Both Vyleesi and Addyi are specifically designed for premenopausal women diagnosed with FSIAD. They may offer advantages for individuals experiencing:
- Reduced sexual appetite as a consequence of certain medications
- Feelings of sexual disinterest or boredom
- Sudden changes in sexual interest levels
Factors contributing to diminished libido among women can encompass:
- Vaginal dryness
- Challenges in reaching orgasm
- Experiencing discomfort during intercourse
- Influences of stress, anxiety, and depression
- Existing health conditions like diabetes or cardiovascular diseases
Both FDA-authorized medications come with their own set of potential side effects:
Addyi
Commonly reported side effects may include:
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
Caution is advised for individuals with liver disorders, those on hormonal contraceptives, patients taking CYP3A4 inhibitors, nursing mothers, and individuals who have recently consumed alcohol, as severe hypotension and fainting may occur.
Vyleesi
Potential side effects include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Flushing or hot flashes
- Reactions at the injection site
- Headaches
- Symptoms resembling flu
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin)
- Elevated blood pressure
- Reduced heart rate
- Tingling sensations
Vyleesi may also interfere with the efficacy of oral medications, specifically diminishing the effects of drugs containing naltrexone, which are commonly prescribed for alcohol or opioid dependence.
Consulting a healthcare provider is vital prior to considering any non-prescription libido enhancers, as these products may contain unverified ingredients analogous to prescription medications. A qualified medical professional can provide guidance regarding suitable medications and alternative therapies.
In conclusion, Vyleesi (bremelanotide) and Addyi (flibanserin) represent promising therapeutic options for addressing low sexual desire in premenopausal women battling FSIAD. It is important to note that Viagra has not been sanctioned for use among females, and individuals are urged to steer clear of unverified supplements marketed for libido enhancement. If you find yourself struggling with low sexual desire, reaching out to a healthcare expert can facilitate the identification of an appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.